Battle of Myeongnyang: The Miracle Victory with Only 12 Ships

Posted on 2025년 03월 06일2025년 03월 06일 by IOKO

12척의 배로 거둔 기적의 승리 – 명량대첩

이순신장군 Admiral Yi Sun-sin

1. Historical Background of the Battle of Myeongnyang

Poster of the Korean movie
“Battle of Myeongnyang”

The Battle of Myeongnyang (鳴梁大捷) took place on September 16, 1597 (Lunar Calendar: September 13), when Admiral Yi Sun-sin led the Joseon navy against 133 Japanese warships with only 12 remaining ships at the Uldolmok Strait near Jindo, South Jeolla Province. This battle is considered one of the most dramatic naval battles in history and is recognized as a unique case in global naval warfare due to its extraordinary strategic execution.

In 1597, during the later stage of the Imjin War (1592–1598), Joseon was in dire straits. The Japanese launched the second invasion, known as the Jeongyu War, and sought to dominate the southern coast. The Joseon navy suffered a devastating defeat at the Battle of Chilcheonryang under the command of Won Gyun, leaving it nearly annihilated. Admiral Yi Sun-sin, who had been unjustly imprisoned, was reinstated as the naval commander but found himself left with only 12 warships. Meanwhile, the Japanese navy, with a fleet of 133 ships, aimed to secure complete dominance over Joseon’s waters. However, Admiral Yi did not give up; instead, he leveraged his strategic prowess and the treacherous tidal conditions of Uldolmok to secure a miraculous victory.

2. Chronological Progression of the Battle of Myeongnyang

1) The Eve of Battle – Japanese Advance and Yi Sun-sin’s Decision

In mid-September 1597, the Japanese navy advanced northward along the southern coast to invade Jeolla Province. Admiral Yi recognized that the Myeongnyang Strait (Uldolmok) had powerful currents and a narrow passage that could hinder large fleets. He decided to make his final stand there, rallying his 12 remaining ships and preparing his men for a desperate battle.

2) September 16 – The Battle Begins with Joseon’s Preemptive Strike

6:00 AM: The Japanese vanguard began entering the strait. Yi Sun-sin positioned his flagship at the front to lure the enemy while utilizing the strong currents to limit their maneuverability. Overconfident in their numerical superiority, the Japanese fleet advanced rapidly into the narrow waters.

8:00 AM: Yi Sun-sin’s flagship charged into the enemy lines and initiated an aggressive bombardment. The powerful cannons of the Joseon warships began sinking the Japanese vanguard. However, the Japanese navy sought to encircle the outnumbered Joseon fleet.

3) 10:00 AM – The Currents of Uldolmok Turn the Tide

10:00 AM: As the powerful tidal currents of Uldolmok began to surge, the Japanese fleet was thrown into chaos. The tightly packed enemy ships collided with each other, losing their ability to maneuver.

11:00 AM: The Japanese, attempting to maintain their formation, found themselves easy targets. Yi Sun-sin seized this moment and launched relentless cannon fire. Explosions engulfed enemy ships, and panicked Japanese soldiers leaped into the sea in a desperate attempt to escape.

4) Noon – The Tide Turns, Japanese Forces Retreat

12:00 PM: Yi Sun-sin continued to maneuver his ships strategically, further disorienting the enemy fleet. Despite their overwhelming numbers, the Japanese found themselves trapped in the chaotic waters of the strait, unable to counter the Joseon navy’s precise attacks.

1:00 PM: The Japanese command ordered a retreat. The surviving ships, battered and demoralized, tried to escape with the ebbing tide. The Joseon navy continued their pursuit, firing upon the fleeing enemy.

3:00 PM: Over 31 Japanese ships were destroyed, and the Joseon navy, with only 12 ships, emerged victorious. This triumph was a testament to Yi Sun-sin’s brilliance and the unwavering determination of his fleet.

3. The tactics of the Battle of Myeongnyang:

Combat illustrations inserted in an unauthored Japanese novel <Tree Wiki>

Induced enemy ships to collide with each other and prevented melee combat, leading to victory.
Used deception tactics by disguising around 100 refugee ships as warships to provide support from the rear.
Maximized the geographical advantage of the narrow strait to block the enemy’s advance into the West Sea.

4. Historical Significance of the Battle of Myeongnyang

Revival of the Joseon Navy: The battle marked a turning point for the Joseon navy, allowing it to rebuild after the devastating defeat at Chilcheonryang.
Strategic Defeat for the Japanese: The failure to secure naval dominance shattered Japan’s invasion strategy, forcing them to reconsider their campaign.
A Masterpiece of Naval Tactics: Yi Sun-sin’s innovative use of geography and strategic foresight remains a subject of study in modern naval warfare.

The Battle of Myeongnyang was more than just a military engagement; it was a lesson in perseverance and ingenuity against overwhelming odds. Admiral Yi Sun-sin’s legacy continues to inspire, serving as a symbol of resilience and tactical brilliance in history.

Suhoji (수호지水滸誌) character analysis 3

Posted on 2025년 02월 28일2025년 03월 03일 by IOKO

수호지 인물열전 – 가짜스님 화화상 노지심

노지심 Lu Zhishen

Lu Zhishen: A Symbol of Chivalry with a Fiery Temper

Water Margin is one of the Four Great Classical Novels of China, depicting the adventures of outlaws who gather around Liangshan Marsh. Most of the characters in Water Margin are brutal, calling themselves heroes while mercilessly killing those who look down on them or simply because they are officials. While reading, one may feel disgusted by such aspects, and Water Margin is often an unsettling novel due to its violent nature. However, considering its historical significance, its critique of a corrupt government, and its portrayal of using violence as a last resort to achieve their sense of justice, modern readers can still find enjoyment in distinguishing the meaningful elements from the brutality.

Illustration by Ming Dynasty painter Jin Nulian (1598-1652)

Among the many charismatic characters in this novel, Lu Zhishen (魯智深) stands out as a particularly unique figure. Originally a government official, Lu Zhishen was unable to control his fiery temperament, leading him to kill a man and flee. He later disguises himself as a monk but eventually turns to a life of banditry, before ultimately joining Liangshan and participating in numerous battles. Despite his short temper and immense physical strength, he values loyalty and righteousness, making him a memorable character. In this article, we will analyze Lu Zhishen’s personality, actions, strengths, and weaknesses to better understand his character.

1. Background and Early Actions of Lu Zhishen

Lu Zhishen was originally a government official. However, due to his rough and impulsive nature, he frequently found himself in trouble. One of his most famous incidents occurred when he saw a corrupt official abusing a helpless woman. Enraged, he took matters into his own hands, ultimately killing the official. Forced to flee, he disguised himself as a monk and attempted to live a secluded life.

Yet, it was impossible for someone like Lu Zhishen to lead a quiet life. Even as a monk, he could not avoid trouble, causing chaos in the monastery, picking fights, and engaging in violent confrontations. Eventually, he abandoned the monastic life entirely, embarking on the path of a warrior.

2. Personality Traits of Lu Zhishen

Lu Zhishen can be defined as a chivalrous yet impulsive character. His primary traits include:

1) A Strong Sense of Loyalty and Justice

Lu Zhishen never hesitated to help those in need. Though rough and violent, he could not stand injustice and always acted against it. This trait makes him one of the more positively received characters in Water Margin.

2) A Reckless and Impulsive Temperament

Lu Zhishen had difficulty controlling his emotions. He often acted on impulse, picking fights and using excessive force. This lack of self-control made it impossible for him to live an ordinary life, forcing him into exile.

3) A Free Spirit

Lu Zhishen despised being confined by rules and traditions. Even when he became a monk, he refused to follow Buddhist principles, continuing to drink alcohol and eat meat. He valued living life on his own terms more than seeking fame or status.

3. Key Events in Lu Zhishen’s Life

1) Living as a Fake Monk

After committing murder, Lu Zhishen disguised himself as a monk to evade capture. However, his reckless and violent nature made it impossible for him to truly live as a monk, and he eventually abandoned this facade.

2) Becoming a Bandit and Joining Liangshan

As a wanderer, Lu Zhishen naturally gravitated toward outlaws and bandits. Eventually, he joined the legendary Liangshan group, becoming one of their key warriors and participating in numerous battles.

3) Outstanding Battle Performances

Lu Zhishen’s immense physical strength and combat skills made him an exceptional fighter. He was capable of defeating enemies with his bare hands and played a crucial role in expanding Liangshan’s influence through battles.

4. Strengths and Weaknesses of Lu Zhishen

Strengths:

Strong Sense of Justice: He could not stand injustice and took action whenever necessary.
Exceptional Combat Skills: His superior strength made him a formidable warrior in battle.
Loyalty to His Comrades: He valued brotherhood and was deeply committed to his allies.

Weaknesses:

Impulsiveness: His inability to control his emotions often led to unnecessary fights and escalated conflicts.
Inability to Adapt to Society: His disdain for law and order made it difficult for him to lead a conventional life.
Lack of Responsibility: Rather than taking responsibility for his actions, he often chose to run away and live as a wanderer.

5. Conclusion

Lu Zhishen is one of the most distinctive characters in Water Margin, known for his immense physical strength, deep sense of justice, and fiery temper. Though he was once a government official, his violent tendencies led him down a path of exile, monastic life, and eventually, banditry. He became a key figure in Liangshan, actively participating in battles and proving his worth as a warrior.

Despite his admirable sense of justice and loyalty, his impulsiveness and violent nature prevented him from leading a stable life. However, these very traits also contribute to his appeal, making him one of the novel’s most unforgettable figures.

Ultimately, Lu Zhishen is not merely a brute or a criminal; he is a complex character who embodies both the virtues and flaws of a free-spirited warrior. Through his journey, readers can appreciate the allure of an untamed soul while also recognizing the dangers of unchecked impulse.

Suhoji (수호지水滸誌) character analysis 2

Posted on 2025년 02월 27일2025년 03월 03일 by IOKO

수호지 인물열전 – 잔인함의 화신 흑선풍 이규

이 규 Li Ku

Li Kui: The Most Ruthless Character in Water Margin

Water Margin, one of the Four Great Classical Novels of Chinese literature, is filled with various heroes, warriors, and rebels who fight against corruption and injustice. However, among these figures, Li Kui stands out for his sheer brutality. While other characters in the novel may exhibit violence in the name of justice, Li Kui’s actions often cross the line into pure bloodthirstiness. His ruthless nature makes him one of the most controversial characters in the novel, leading many readers to feel discomfort or even disgust.

The Ruthlessness of Li Kui

Li Kui is known for his unparalleled ferocity. Unlike other characters in Water Margin who kill for honor, vengeance, or justice, Li Kui often kills simply because he can. His actions are impulsive, merciless, and often unnecessary. He is not bound by moral constraints, and his tendency to resort to violence without hesitation makes him a terrifying presence.

One of the most disturbing aspects of Li Kui’s character is that he does not discriminate between his victims. While many heroes in the novel fight against corrupt officials and oppressors, Li Kui slaughters indiscriminately. In one of the most shocking moments of the novel, he brutally murders a child with an axe simply because the child poses an obstacle to his plans. This act of pure savagery is one of the most difficult moments for readers to process and makes Li Kui stand out as a character who is impossible to justify.

Li Kui’s Role in Water Margin

Despite his terrifying nature, Li Kui plays an important role in Water Margin. His reckless brutality serves as a contrast to the more strategic and morally grounded characters, such as Song Jiang. While some of the 108 Liangshan heroes operate within a moral framework, Li Kui represents the raw, uncontrollable power of rebellion. He is a reminder that not all who fight against injustice are noble or righteous—some are simply forces of chaos.

Additionally, Li Kui’s character challenges the romanticized notion of heroism. Water Margin, at its core, is a story about outlaws, and while many of them possess admirable qualities, Li Kui reminds readers that not all revolutionaries are virtuous. His presence in the story forces us to question whether violence can ever truly be justified and whether individuals like him belong in a movement that seeks justice.

Why Li Kui Makes Readers Uncomfortable

Many readers find themselves deeply disturbed by Li Kui’s actions. While Water Margin is filled with violence, most of it is directed at corrupt officials, oppressive landlords, or treacherous enemies. Li Kui, however, kills without distinction, making it difficult for readers to categorize him as a hero. His cruelty is not driven by necessity but by an innate thirst for blood.

Moreover, his impulsiveness makes him unpredictable. Unlike other warriors who plan their battles carefully, Li Kui acts on instinct, often endangering his allies as much as his enemies. His actions frequently undermine the efforts of his comrades, creating unnecessary chaos and destruction.

Conclusion

Li Kui is one of the most unsettling characters in Water Margin. His unrestrained violence and lack of moral compass make him a figure of pure chaos. While other characters in the novel struggle with moral dilemmas, Li Kui operates on a different level—one that does not consider right or wrong, only action and consequence. His presence in the story challenges the reader’s perception of justice and heroism, making Water Margin a more complex and thought-provoking narrative.

Ultimately, Li Kui serves as a reminder that not all who fight against corruption do so for noble reasons. Some, like him, are simply drawn to violence for its own sake. And in a story filled with heroes and villains, he stands in a category of his own—one that is neither fully heroic nor entirely villainous, but terrifyingly unpredictable.

Suhoji (수호지水滸誌) character analysis 1

Posted on 2025년 02월 25일2025년 03월 03일 by IOKO

수호지인물열전 – 리더인가, 두목인가? 급시우 송강

송 강 Song gang

1. Introduction

Water Margin (《水浒传》) is one of the Four Great Classical Novels of China, depicting the exploits of warriors during the Song Dynasty. One of the central figures in this story is Song Jiang (宋江), the leader of Liangshan Marsh, known for his chivalry and leadership. However, he is also a character with human weaknesses and limitations. This report aims to analyze both his strengths and weaknesses to shed light on his character.

2. Strengths of Song Jiang

1) Exceptional Leadership

Song Jiang played a crucial role in uniting the various heroes of Liangshan Marsh and expanding the organization. He demonstrated the ability to bring together individually strong warriors into a well-structured group. Additionally, he had a keen political sense, appointing talented individuals and maximizing their abilities.

2) Chivalry and Moral Integrity

Song Jiang is portrayed as a man of deep loyalty and a protector of the common people. He harbored a strong sense of justice and often sacrificed himself to help those suffering from injustice and oppression. His righteousness and moral character were key factors that made many people follow him.

3) Strategic Thinking and Well-Balanced Skills

Although Song Jiang was not an outstanding warrior, he possessed exceptional strategic thinking. He effectively utilized tactics in battles to lead Liangshan Marsh to victory. Furthermore, he was well-versed in literature and governance, making him highly capable in handling political and administrative affairs.

3. Weaknesses of Song Jiang

1) Excessive Loyalty and Lack of Realism

Song Jiang was deeply loyal to the Song Dynasty. However, rather than recognizing the righteousness of Liangshan Marsh, the imperial court sought to exploit him and eventually betrayed him. His inability to fully grasp the reality of the situation and his unwavering loyalty to the government became his greatest weakness.

2) Indecisiveness

Song Jiang often displayed a lack of decisiveness. When conflicts arose within Liangshan Marsh, he tended to take a neutral stance rather than asserting a firm position. While this sometimes helped to mediate disputes, it also revealed his limitations in providing a clear direction for his followers.

3) Passive Acceptance of Fate

Instead of actively shaping his own destiny, Song Jiang had a strong tendency to submit to the will of fate. While this trait emphasized his moral and righteous nature, it also prevented him from taking proactive measures to solve problems. Ultimately, this passive approach led to his betrayal by the imperial court and his tragic downfall.

4. Conclusion

Song Jiang was an outstanding leader with chivalry and leadership, yet his excessive loyalty and lack of realism led to his tragic fate. Examining both his strengths and weaknesses reveals that he was not just an idealized hero but a complex character with human flaws. In this sense, Song Jiang can be evaluated as a three-dimensional figure rather than a simple heroic figure.